外科病理学实践诊断过程的初学者指南第

文章来源:经管道分发的气体意外中毒   发布时间:2021-11-22 16:27:10   点击数:
 第3章感染和炎症Letusreviewthetypesofinflammatoryresponsesyoumaysee.Itseemsverybasic,butlearningtodifferentiateinflammatorychangesfromdysplasticonesisafundamentalgoalinpathologytraining.先复习一下,你可能会看到的炎症反应类型。这似乎非常基础,但学会区分炎症改变和异型增生改变是病理学培训的基本目标。3.1急性(Acute)Acutechangesaretheresultofrecenttissuedamage,eitherfromtrauma,ischemia,toxins,orinfection.Featuresincludethefollowing:急性炎症改变是近期组织损伤的结果,病因包括创伤、缺血、毒素和感染,等。其特点包括:

血管充血(Vascularcongestion)

水肿(Edema)

纤维素性渗出物(Fibrinousexudate)

组织损伤和/或坏死(Tissuedamageand/ornecrosis)

中性粒细胞(“化脓性”,多形核白细胞,简写polys)(Neutrophils(“purulence”,polymorphonuclearleukocytes,polys))

Acuteinflammationcanbefollowedbyresolution(healing),fibrosisorscar,abscessformation(Figure3.1),orachronicinflammatorystage.Evidenceofrecentdamageandreparativechangesincludesgranulationtissue,hemosiderin,lipid-ladenmacrophages,andfibroblastproliferation.急性炎症后可以消退(愈合)、纤维化或形成瘢痕、脓肿(图3.1),或转变成慢性炎症。近期损伤和修复性改变的证据包括肉芽组织、含铁血黄素、富含脂质的巨噬细胞和成纤维细胞增殖(译者注:注意比较hyperplasia,增生)。Figure3.1.Acuteinflammationandabscessformation.Thisexampleoftheacuteinflammatoryresponseshowscollectionsofneutrophils(abscessformation,1),extravasatedblood(2),prominentcapillaries(3),andfibrinaccumulation(4).Inset:themixedinflammatoryinfiltrateincludesplasmacells(PC),neutrophils(N),eosinophils(Eo),andlymphocytes(L).图3.1.急性炎症和脓肿形成。这例急性炎症反应显示中性粒细胞聚集(脓肿形成,1)、渗出的血液(2)、显著的毛细血管(3)和纤维素积聚(4)。插图:混合性炎症细胞浸润,包括浆细胞(PC)、中性粒细胞(N)、嗜酸性粒细胞(Eo)和淋巴细胞(L)。Granulationtissuehasacharacteristiclookofawateryormyxoidbackgroundwithsparsefibroblastsfloatinginitandaproliferationofinflammatorycells(alltypes)andcapillaries(Figure3.2).Theendothelialcellsofthecapillariescanbe
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